In addition to the visible releases, volcanoes like Mount Merapi also give off sulfur dioxide, a gas that can have a variety of effects on people and the environment. On the ground, it's a nuisance, triggering asthma and irritating skin. But when it drifts to the upper levels of the atmosphere, it may actually do some good: In a reaction with water vapor and other chemicals, particles from that can actually affect the Earth's climate for many years.
http://www.npr.org/2010/11/12/131276631/with-lava-volcano-spews-chemicals-to-cool-earth