I made a photo (see below) of a huge wall map I have of California and drew a line (digitally, not on the map) using the location of the photographer and going up to Half Dome. I noticed this probably is the same angle the setting sun makes in late Feb. to light up Horsetail Fall.
Too hard to tell if anything was in the way by that map (1:500,000 or one inch to eight miles), even though it is a topo map, so went to Google Earth, started at Half Dome and carefully backed up to Turlock, noting any ridges that might get in the way of the view of HD, noted the GPS coordinates of those ridges and their altitude. I flew backwards from the valley at an eye altitude of 4900 feet.
Then I adjusted for Turlock's altitude (169 ft). Finding out if those ridges would block HD is a matter of a simple ratio: (Height of ridge/Distance from Turlock*Distance to Half Dome)
Half Dome at 37.744194N, 119.5350444W, 8631 ft. above photog in Turlock
Turlock location at 37.5414388N, 120.7370249N, by GPS calculator
Turlock location was 67.141818 miles away from HD or 354,772.79 feet
OK now for the ridges. I am ignoring curvature of the earth in all this but I don't think it would make a lot of difference.
Ridge 1 at 18.4311 miles away and 744 (minus 169 for Turlock) elevation extrapolates at Half Dome's distance to being only 2096 feet up, which wouldn't even make a line in Midpines much less HD.
Ridge 2 at 23.13986 miles away and 1166 feet extrapolates to 2904.98 ft. up
Ridge 3 at 26.087954 miles and 1165 feet comes up to 2622 ft. at 67 miles
Ridge 4 at 29.9152 miles and 1792 feet gets you just outside the valley at 3645.3613 feet up
Ridge 5 at 37.20834 miles and 2269 elev makes a line outside the valley at 3792.20 feet
Ridge 6 at 46.01829 miles out and 3000 elev finally touches just above the base of Half Dome at 4,133.56 feet.
Based on this, there is nothing from Turlock to Half Dome to block the view of Half Dome!
Taking into consideration the earth's curvature, those line elevations would raise slightly but would be negligible for this silly, time consuming argument.
As far as why Half Dome looks so big, in an extreme telephoto environment, background always looms larger. Think of a triangle inside a triangle. As you narrow the field of view in the foreground (in this case, the silo) then you also narrow the field of view of the background, and suddenly Half Dome grows to appear as a giant.
I too am still troubled by the actual photo when compared to those taken from Glacier or the Yosemite Falls trail, where the background mountains just don't add up. Still need to do some head scratching on this despite the numbers.